An assessment that compares a student’s test performance to his or her mastery of a body of knowledge or specific skill rather than relating scores to the performance of other students.

a method of examination based upon the comparing of someone's actions with a set standard, which is fixed so that everyone's rating is gauged upon the same standard and isn't impacted b [..]

refers to evaluating students against an absolute standard of achievement, rather than evaluating them in comparison with the performance of other students. A standard of performance is set to represe [..]